🔥 Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Phase Transitions

Learn the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, from the zeroth law to the third law, and understand the definitions and physical meaning of internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. Derive thermodynamic quantities from each thermodynamic potential and visualize them with Python.

Learn the conditions for phase equilibrium (equality of temperature, pressure, and chemical potential) and derive the Gibbs phase rule. Calculate vapor pressure curves using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and construct single-component phase diagrams with Python.

Learn the definition and physical meaning of chemical potential and understand phase equilibria in multicomponent systems. Work with the van der Waals equation of state, binary and ternary phase diagrams, and the lever rule, calculating and visualizing phase diagrams in materials science with Python.

Learn the differences between first-order and second-order phase transitions and the concept of order parameters. Describe phase transitions using Landau theory and implement critical phenomena and scaling theory with Python.

Learn about physical phenomena near the critical point, critical exponents, and the principle of corresponding states. Understand the Ising model, an introduction to the renormalization group, and the concept of universality classes, verifying scaling laws with Python.