4.1 Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
ALD enables atomic-level control through sequential self-limiting surface reactions.
π Film Thickness:
$$t = N_{cycles} \times GPC$$
where GPC is growth per cycle
π» Code Example 1: ALD Growth
# Requirements:
# - Python 3.9+
# - matplotlib>=3.7.0
# - numpy>=1.24.0, <2.0.0
"""
Example: π» Code Example 1: ALD Growth
Purpose: Demonstrate data visualization techniques
Target: Intermediate
Execution time: 2-5 seconds
Dependencies: None
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def ald_thickness(cycles, gpc=0.1):
return cycles * gpc
cycles = np.arange(0, 1000, 10)
thickness = ald_thickness(cycles)
plt.plot(cycles, thickness, 'b-', linewidth=2)
plt.xlabel('ALD Cycles')
plt.ylabel('Thickness (nm)')
plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
plt.show()4.2 Other Advanced Methods
Electrodeposition, molecular beam epitaxy, additive manufacturing
Summary
- ALD: atomic-level precision
- Electrodeposition: 3D structures
- Additive manufacturing: complex geometries